{"id":5703,"date":"2026-05-10T02:50:15","date_gmt":"2026-05-10T02:50:15","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/taiguo-steamboiler.com\/?p=5703"},"modified":"2026-05-10T02:50:15","modified_gmt":"2026-05-10T02:50:15","slug":"lightweight-cellular-concrete","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/taiguo-steamboiler.com\/pt\/blog\/lightweight-cellular-concrete\/","title":{"rendered":"Concreto Celular Leve vs AAC: Guia de Produ\u00e7\u00e3o 2026"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"seo-blog-content\" style=\"padding: 0px 0;\">\n<p style=\"color: #6b7280; margin: 0 0 24px;\">A 2026 LCC versus AAC by manufacturing type, density and strength specifications, ASTM\/ACI standards, and engineering uses comparison &#8211; including what every specifier should know about the RAAC distinction.<\/p>\n<p><!-- Quick Specs card --><\/p>\n<div style=\"margin: 24px 0; padding: 20px 24px; background: #f5f5f5; border: 1px solid #e0e0e0; border-top: 3px solid #2d2d2d;\">\n<h3 style=\"margin: 0 0 16px;\">Quick Specs: LCC vs AAC at a Glance<\/h3>\n<table style=\"width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr style=\"border-bottom: 1px solid #e0e0e0;\">\n<td style=\"padding: 8px 12px; font-weight: 600; width: 40%; color: #6b7280;\">Density range<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 8px 12px;\">LCC: 20-100 PCF (320-1,600 kg\/m\u00b3) \u00b7 AAC: 25-50 PCF (400-800 kg\/m\u00b3)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"border-bottom: 1px solid #e0e0e0;\">\n<td style=\"padding: 8px 12px; font-weight: 600; color: #6b7280;\">Compressive strength<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 8px 12px;\">LCC: 50-1,200 PSI \u00b7 AAC: 290-1,200 PSI<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"border-bottom: 1px solid #e0e0e0;\">\n<td style=\"padding: 8px 12px; font-weight: 600; color: #6b7280;\">Curing method<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 8px 12px;\">LCC: ambient or low-temp steam (10-14 h) \u00b7 AAC: high-pressure autoclave (175-180\u00b0C, 12 bar, 8-12 h)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"border-bottom: 1px solid #e0e0e0;\">\n<td style=\"padding: 8px 12px; font-weight: 600; color: #6b7280;\">Aerating mechanism<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 8px 12px;\">LCC: pre-formed foam mixed in \u00b7 AAC: aluminum powder reaction with lime\/cement<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"border-bottom: 1px solid #e0e0e0;\">\n<td style=\"padding: 8px 12px; font-weight: 600; color: #6b7280;\">Primary form<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 8px 12px;\">LCC: cast-in-place pumpable fill \u00b7 AAC: factory-cured blocks and panels<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding: 8px 12px; font-weight: 600; color: #6b7280;\">Governing standards<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 8px 12px;\">LCC: ACI 523.1R-06, ASTM C869 \u00b7 AAC: ASTM C1693, C1694, C1692, ACI 526R-19<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<p><!-- Intro paragraph \u2014 focus keyword in first 50 words --><\/p>\n<p>However, both Lightweight Cellular Concrete (LCC) and Autoclaved Aerated Concrete (AAC) yield a comparable lightweight element for construction by limiting density through substitution of aggregate or fine-aggregate with stable entrained air bubbles &#8211; but the raw ingredients and resultant engineering applications are more varied than one may suspect. This guide breaks down where each material wins, what each delivery should confirm, and why the autoclave curing process is often the key differentiator.<\/p>\n<p><!-- ==================== H2-1 ==================== --><\/p>\n<h2 style=\"margin: 48px 0 16px; padding-bottom: 10px; border-bottom: 2px solid #2d2d2d;\">What Is Lightweight Cellular Concrete? LCC, LDCC, and the Concrete Family<\/h2>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-5704\" src=\"https:\/\/taiguo-steamboiler.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/1-14.png\" alt=\"What Is Lightweight Cellular Concrete? LCC, LDCC, and the Concrete Family\" width=\"512\" height=\"512\" srcset=\"https:\/\/taiguo-steamboiler.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/1-14.png 512w, https:\/\/taiguo-steamboiler.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/1-14-300x300.png 300w, https:\/\/taiguo-steamboiler.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/1-14-150x150.png 150w, https:\/\/taiguo-steamboiler.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/1-14-12x12.png 12w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 512px) 100vw, 512px\" \/><\/p>\n<p>Lightweight cellular concrete is a type of cementitious material consisting of a mixture of portland cement, water, and pre-formed foam, generally without coarse aggregate. The American Concrete Institute (ACI) defines lightweight cellular concrete as 50 pounds per cubic foot (800 kg\/m\u00b3) or less in oven-dry form according to <a href=\"https:\/\/www.concrete.org\/store\/productdetail.aspx?itemid=COLOL\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\">ACI 523.1R-06, Guide for Cast-in-Place Low Density Cellular Concrete<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>Two density bands sit under that umbrella:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Low-density cellular concrete (LDCC) &#8211; 20-50 PCF (320-800 kg\/m\u00b3), used extensively as geotechnical backfill.<\/li>\n<li>Higher-density LCC &#8211; 50-100 PCF (800-1,600 kg\/m\u00b3), used for structural insulating fills and subfloor screeds.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>The material is characterized by inclusion of entrained air-spheres. Pre-formed foam, pre-generated separately in a bulk batch, can be incorporated into a cement slurry as a standoff that allows the material to flow, self-level and self-moisten during installations, and still produce a hardened mortar after curing. The Iowa State InTrans <a href=\"https:\/\/www.intrans.iastate.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/guide_to_LCC_for_geotech_apps.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\">Guide to Lightweight Cellular Concrete for Geotechnical Applications<\/a> reports that a 30 PCF (480 kg\/m\u00b3) specimen reaches a minimum unconfined compressive strength of 40 PSI (0.28 MPa), supporting 2.9 tons per square foot (0.28 MPa) of bearing pressure.<\/p>\n<h3 style=\"margin: 32px 0 12px;\">Q: What Is &#8220;Poor Man&#8217;s Concrete&#8221;?<\/h3>\n<p>The colloquial term &#8220;poor man&#8217;s concrete&#8221; is used to distinguish cellular material from real batch or precast mixture that is either soil-based, rock or foam-based, or full cement. Soil-Cement, also colloquialism for poor man&#8217;s concrete, can also be blended to less than 50 PCF but has entirely different load bearing characteristics. The term only coalesces in peer-reviewed ASTM or ACI sources when used to refer to pseudo-concretes not made with an autoclaved Cell. State the owning institution, ASTM or ACI compliance standards, and the mixture ratio, and the material will be and show like one or another. In terms of engineering considerations, the similarities between any &#8220;poor man&#8217;s concrete&#8221; and LCC make it false economy to rely on nicknames instead of data.<\/p>\n<blockquote style=\"margin: 24px 0; padding: 16px 24px; border-left: 3px solid #2d2d2d; background: #f5f5f5;\"><p>&#8220;Cellular concrete is concrete made with hydraulic cement, water, and preformed foam to form a hardened material having an oven-dry density of 50 pounds per cubic feet (lb\/ft\u00b3) [800 kilograms per meter cubed (kg\/m\u00b3)] or less.&#8221;<\/p>\n<footer style=\"margin-top: 8px; color: #6b7280;\">\u2014 <strong>ACI Committee 523<\/strong>, <em>ACI 523.1R-06: Guide for Cast-in-Place Low Density Cellular Concrete<\/em><\/footer>\n<\/blockquote>\n<p><!-- ==================== H2-2 ==================== --><\/p>\n<h2 style=\"margin: 48px 0 16px; padding-bottom: 10px; border-bottom: 2px solid #2d2d2d;\">LCC vs AAC vs Foam Concrete vs Aerated Concrete: Untangling the Terms<\/h2>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-5706\" src=\"https:\/\/taiguo-steamboiler.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/2-5.png\" alt=\"LCC vs AAC vs Foam Concrete vs Aerated Concrete: Untangling the Terms\" width=\"512\" height=\"512\" srcset=\"https:\/\/taiguo-steamboiler.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/2-5.png 512w, https:\/\/taiguo-steamboiler.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/2-5-300x300.png 300w, https:\/\/taiguo-steamboiler.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/2-5-150x150.png 150w, https:\/\/taiguo-steamboiler.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/2-5-12x12.png 12w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 512px) 100vw, 512px\" \/><\/p>\n<p>The very same material is labeled in four or five ways depending on the country of origin, period of fabrication and form, and moment in the client&#8217;s experience journey. Anyone researching cellular lightweight concrete encounters either AAC, LDCC, aircrete, foamed concrete, foam cement, and aerated concrete in the same literature &#8211; it&#8217;s impossible to be blindly relied upon interchanging of synonyms.<\/p>\n<h3 style=\"margin: 32px 0 12px;\">Q: Is Cellular Concrete the Same as Foam Concrete?<\/h3>\n<p>Functionally, yes &#8211; both are a cement-water-foam slurry. According to its Wikipedia page, foam concrete is also known as lightweight cellular concrete (LCC), low density cellular concrete (LDCC), foamed concrete, aircrete, foamed cement, and reduced density concrete. The terms divide more when engine for creating the cells is considered; it is foam-based aeration (LCC family) or chemical aeration with autoclave curing (AAC family). Both are foam-filled cellular structure but created by very different chemistry.<\/p>\n<div style=\"margin: 24px 0; overflow-x: auto;\">\n<table style=\"width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; border: 1px solid #e0e0e0;\">\n<thead>\n<tr style=\"background: #2d2d2d; color: #ffffff;\">\n<th style=\"padding: 12px 16px; text-align: left; font-weight: 600;\">Term<\/th>\n<th style=\"padding: 12px 16px; text-align: left; font-weight: 600;\">Aerating mechanism<\/th>\n<th style=\"padding: 12px 16px; text-align: left; font-weight: 600;\">Curing<\/th>\n<th style=\"padding: 12px 16px; text-align: left; font-weight: 600;\">Typical density<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr style=\"border-bottom: 1px solid #e0e0e0;\">\n<td style=\"padding: 12px 16px;\">LCC \/ LDCC \/ Foam concrete<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 12px 16px;\">Pre-formed protein or synthetic foam<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 12px 16px;\">Ambient air or low-temp steam (\u226470\u00b0C)<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 12px 16px;\">320-1,600 kg\/m\u00b3<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"background: #f5f5f5; border-bottom: 1px solid #e0e0e0;\">\n<td style=\"padding: 12px 16px;\">AAC \/ Aerated concrete<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 12px 16px;\">Aluminum powder reacting with calcium hydroxide<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 12px 16px;\">Autoclave 175-180\u00b0C \/ 12 bar \/ 8-12 h<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 12px 16px;\">400-800 kg\/m\u00b3<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"border-bottom: 1px solid #e0e0e0;\">\n<td style=\"padding: 12px 16px;\">Aircrete<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 12px 16px;\">Continuous foam generator (foam concrete subcategory)<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 12px 16px;\">Ambient or steam<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 12px 16px;\">75-1,000 kg\/m\u00b3<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"background: #f5f5f5; border-bottom: 1px solid #e0e0e0;\">\n<td style=\"padding: 12px 16px;\">RAAC (reinforced AAC)<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 12px 16px;\">Same as AAC, with embedded steel reinforcement<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 12px 16px;\">Autoclave<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 12px 16px;\">500-800 kg\/m\u00b3<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding: 12px 16px;\">CLSM \/ Flowable fill<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 12px 16px;\">Adjacent category \u2014 high water-cement ratio, often without foam<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 12px 16px;\">Ambient<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 12px 16px;\">1,800-2,200 kg\/m\u00b3<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<p>The takeaway for practical purposes: when a spec mentions &#8220;cellular concrete&#8221; without further elaboration, it is generally referring to foam-based LCC. If the spec refers to &#8220;AAC blocks&#8221; or &#8220;AAC panels,&#8221; then it is assumed autoclave curing and aluminum-powder aeration are required. RAAC is a different category which most modern specifiers will never order &#8211; however, it dominates media coverage of mid-20th-century building safety.<\/p>\n<p><!-- ==================== H2-3 ==================== --><\/p>\n<h2 style=\"margin: 48px 0 16px; padding-bottom: 10px; border-bottom: 2px solid #2d2d2d;\">How LCC and AAC Are Produced: Two Routes to Lightweight Concrete<\/h2>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-5707\" src=\"https:\/\/taiguo-steamboiler.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/3-5.png\" alt=\"How LCC and AAC Are Produced: Two Routes to Lightweight Concrete\" width=\"512\" height=\"512\" srcset=\"https:\/\/taiguo-steamboiler.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/3-5.png 512w, https:\/\/taiguo-steamboiler.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/3-5-300x300.png 300w, https:\/\/taiguo-steamboiler.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/3-5-150x150.png 150w, https:\/\/taiguo-steamboiler.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/3-5-12x12.png 12w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 512px) 100vw, 512px\" \/><\/p>\n<p>Both produce cellular structure, but fundamentally the chemistry of cell formation is different &#8211; with further implication to all other property comparisons.<\/p>\n<h3 style=\"margin: 32px 0 12px;\">Q: How Is Cellular Concrete Made?<\/h3>\n<p>LCC is created by three steps. First, a cement-and-water slurry is prepared, preferably using portland cement meeting ASTM C150 Standard Specification for Portland Cement and water complying with ASTM C1602. Second, a pre-formed foam from a foaming agent (as specified in ASTM C869 Standard Specification for Foaming Agents Used in Concrete) passed through compressed air is blended into the slurry without disturbing its structure. Third, the foam-water-cement mixture is transported to its final placement where it slumps into a self-leveling mass; where specified, its curing takes place using moisture and temperature controlled steam. There are no autoclaves involved and no pressure vessel is needed.<\/p>\n<p>AAC production is similar to fine chemistry. A mixture of fly ash (60-70%), lime (20-25%), portland cement (8-12%), gypsum (\u00b3-5%) and water is injected with aluminum powder representing roughly 0.05-0.08% of cement weight. For the next period, the aluminum reacts with calcium hydroxide to liberate hydrogen gas 2-5 which creates a stable cellular cake. The cake is wire cut into blocks and panels, the steel reinforcement included as needed, then baked in an autoclave with air temperatures of 175-180C and saturated steam pressures of 12 bar for 8-12 hours. The autoclave is where the AAC strength advantage over LCC originates &#8211; form tobermorite forms a solid material which is stronger than the gel vis-a-vis weight and dimensions than the gel.<\/p>\n<div style=\"margin: 24px 0; overflow-x: auto;\">\n<table style=\"width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; border: 1px solid #e0e0e0;\">\n<thead>\n<tr style=\"background: #2d2d2d; color: #ffffff;\">\n<th style=\"padding: 12px 16px; text-align: left; font-weight: 600;\">Production step<\/th>\n<th style=\"padding: 12px 16px; text-align: left; font-weight: 600;\">LCC route<\/th>\n<th style=\"padding: 12px 16px; text-align: left; font-weight: 600;\">AAC route<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr style=\"border-bottom: 1px solid #e0e0e0;\">\n<td style=\"padding: 12px 16px;\">Raw materials<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 12px 16px;\">Cement + water + pre-formed foam (optional fly ash\/sand)<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 12px 16px;\">Cement + lime + fly ash + gypsum + Al powder + water<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"background: #f5f5f5; border-bottom: 1px solid #e0e0e0;\">\n<td style=\"padding: 12px 16px;\">Aerating method<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 12px 16px;\">Mechanical foam injection<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 12px 16px;\">Chemical reaction (Al + Ca(OH)\u2082 \u2192 H\u2082)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"border-bottom: 1px solid #e0e0e0;\">\n<td style=\"padding: 12px 16px;\">Mixing<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 12px 16px;\">Volumetric truck, auger mixer, or batch plant<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 12px 16px;\">Stationary high-shear mixer at factory<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"background: #f5f5f5; border-bottom: 1px solid #e0e0e0;\">\n<td style=\"padding: 12px 16px;\">Forming<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 12px 16px;\">Cast in place, pumped to placement<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 12px 16px;\">Wire-cut from green cake into blocks\/panels<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"border-bottom: 1px solid #e0e0e0;\">\n<td style=\"padding: 12px 16px;\">Curing<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 12px 16px;\">Ambient (10-14 h) or steam \u226470\u00b0C<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 12px 16px;\">Autoclave 175-180\u00b0C, 12 bar, 8-12 h<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"background: #f5f5f5; border-bottom: 1px solid #e0e0e0;\">\n<td style=\"padding: 12px 16px;\">Equipment capex<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 12px 16px;\">Mobile (one truck and a foam generator)<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 12px 16px;\">Plant-scale (autoclave + cutting line + boiler)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding: 12px 16px;\">Quality control bottleneck<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 12px 16px;\">Foam stability (4+ hours minimum)<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 12px 16px;\">Autoclave temperature\/pressure consistency<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<p>This last row is critical. Moving AAC to 175-180C autoclave processing is mandatory &#8211; the steam pressure and temperature are responsible for the AAC blocks being approximately 6 times as strong as LCC of equal density. If the autoclave step is eliminated, AAC becomes an ordinary aerated concrete with strengths closer to LCC values. This detail explains why AAC production plants devoted the most investment to their steam supply infrastructure of anything else.<\/p>\n<div style=\"margin: 24px 0; padding: 16px 20px; background: #f5f5f5; border: 1px solid #e0e0e0; border-left: 3px solid #2d2d2d;\"><strong>\ud83d\udcd0 Engineering Note<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin: 8px 0 0;\">Pre-formed foam stability is the largest LCC quality bottleneck. The foaming agent should deliver a four-hour stable foam at a minimum when exposed to the shear stress of mixing and pumping. While several new synthetic-enzyme foaming agents have extended the LCC practical density floor from around 300 kg\/m\u00b3 to 75 kg\/m\u00b3, they require achieving ASTM C869 foam stability criteria. Field practitioners should demand a stability test report with each load.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p><!-- ==================== H2-4 ==================== --><\/p>\n<h2 style=\"margin: 48px 0 16px; padding-bottom: 10px; border-bottom: 2px solid #2d2d2d;\">Density, Strength, and Thermal Performance: Numbers Side by Side<\/h2>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-5708\" src=\"https:\/\/taiguo-steamboiler.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/4-5.png\" alt=\"Density, Strength, and Thermal Performance: Numbers Side by Side\" width=\"512\" height=\"512\" srcset=\"https:\/\/taiguo-steamboiler.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/4-5.png 512w, https:\/\/taiguo-steamboiler.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/4-5-300x300.png 300w, https:\/\/taiguo-steamboiler.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/4-5-150x150.png 150w, https:\/\/taiguo-steamboiler.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/4-5-12x12.png 12w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 512px) 100vw, 512px\" \/><\/p>\n<p>The single most useful chart in any LCC vs AAC discussion is the four-column comparison table \u2013 LCC, AAC, traditional concrete, and the property name. Two materials covering one product category is a marketing comparison, three materials and inclusion of the conventional reference becomes an engineering one.<\/p>\n<h3 style=\"margin: 32px 0 12px;\">Q: What Is the Density Range of Cellular Concrete?<\/h3>\n<p>The working density window for LCC is 320-1,600 kg\/m(20-100 PCF), with most geotechnical fill places in the 480-800 kg\/m(\u00b30-50 PCF) range. For AAC, the practical density band is closer together at 400-800 kg\/m(25-50 PCF). In-concrete density averages about 2,400 kg\/m(150 PCF) for comparison purposes. IBC Section 721.2 Cellular Concrete adds a minimum air-dry density requirement for cellular concrete used in fire-rated assemblies of 90 PCF(1,440 kg\/m) and a minimum design compressive strength of 1,000 PSI(6,890 kPa), a much tighter range than actual fill.<\/p>\n<div style=\"margin: 24px 0; overflow-x: auto;\">\n<table style=\"width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; border: 1px solid #e0e0e0;\">\n<thead>\n<tr style=\"background: #2d2d2d; color: #ffffff;\">\n<th style=\"padding: 12px 16px; text-align: left; font-weight: 600;\">Property<\/th>\n<th style=\"padding: 12px 16px; text-align: left; font-weight: 600;\">LCC<\/th>\n<th style=\"padding: 12px 16px; text-align: left; font-weight: 600;\">AAC<\/th>\n<th style=\"padding: 12px 16px; text-align: left; font-weight: 600;\">Traditional concrete<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr style=\"border-bottom: 1px solid #e0e0e0;\">\n<td style=\"padding: 12px 16px;\">Density (oven-dry)<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 12px 16px;\">320-1,600 kg\/m\u00b3 (20-100 PCF)<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 12px 16px;\">400-800 kg\/m\u00b3 (25-50 PCF)<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 12px 16px;\">~2,400 kg\/m\u00b3 (150 PCF)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"background: #f5f5f5; border-bottom: 1px solid #e0e0e0;\">\n<td style=\"padding: 12px 16px;\">Compressive strength<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 12px 16px;\">50-1,200 PSI (0.35-8.3 MPa)<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 12px 16px;\">290-1,200 PSI (2-8 MPa)<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 12px 16px;\">3,000-5,000+ PSI<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"border-bottom: 1px solid #e0e0e0;\">\n<td style=\"padding: 12px 16px;\">Thermal R-value (per inch)<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 12px 16px;\">1.0-4.0 (best at low density)<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 12px 16px;\">0.85-1.25<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 12px 16px;\">~0.08<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"background: #f5f5f5; border-bottom: 1px solid #e0e0e0;\">\n<td style=\"padding: 12px 16px;\">Water-cement ratio (w\/c)<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 12px 16px;\">0.35-0.80<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 12px 16px;\">~0.50-0.65 (slurry)<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 12px 16px;\">0.40-0.55<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"border-bottom: 1px solid #e0e0e0;\">\n<td style=\"padding: 12px 16px;\">Fire resistance<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 12px 16px;\">Up to 4 hours<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 12px 16px;\">Up to 4 hours<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 12px 16px;\">Varies by section<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"background: #f5f5f5; border-bottom: 1px solid #e0e0e0;\">\n<td style=\"padding: 12px 16px;\">Setting time<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 12px 16px;\">10-14 hours initial<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 12px 16px;\">Cured in autoclave (8-12 h)<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 12px 16px;\">6-12 hours initial<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding: 12px 16px;\">Permeability<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 12px 16px;\">Higher (cellular structure drains)<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 12px 16px;\">Moderate (closed-cell tobermorite)<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 12px 16px;\">Low<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<p>One field nuance worth noting: cast (wet) density and laboratory oven-dry laboratory test densities of LCC may vary from 5-10%. According to ACI 523.1R-06 citing the Iowa State guide line, the cast density measured during placement is the QC value for design verification, not the oven dry density, so specifications should specify which they are referencing.<\/p>\n<p><!-- ==================== H2-5 ==================== --><\/p>\n<h2 style=\"margin: 48px 0 16px; padding-bottom: 10px; border-bottom: 2px solid #2d2d2d;\">Cost Trade-offs: Material, Labor, and Equipment<\/h2>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-5709\" src=\"https:\/\/taiguo-steamboiler.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/5-5.png\" alt=\"Cost Trade-offs: Material, Labor, and Equipment\" width=\"512\" height=\"512\" srcset=\"https:\/\/taiguo-steamboiler.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/5-5.png 512w, https:\/\/taiguo-steamboiler.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/5-5-300x300.png 300w, https:\/\/taiguo-steamboiler.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/5-5-150x150.png 150w, https:\/\/taiguo-steamboiler.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/5-5-12x12.png 12w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 512px) 100vw, 512px\" \/><\/p>\n<p>Unaquainted with industry regional variation, direct dollar per cubic yard comparisons between the two materials are impossible to publish accurately because the two materials are sold in different units (cubic yards of pumped fill vs blocks or panels per square meter of wall) and the pricing rubs out in each region with nearby minimum order quantities, freight considerations, and density grade considerations. Cellular concrete fill industry published prices roughly translate to a bundle of $80-$120 per cubic yard, but these must be considered a starting point for 2024-2025 and checked with local providers prior to project cost estimates.<\/p>\n<p>The more useful comparison is the cost-driver structure, what each materials penalizes\/ awards in the buyer&#8217;s procurement model:<\/p>\n<div style=\"margin: 24px 0; overflow-x: auto;\">\n<table style=\"width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; border: 1px solid #e0e0e0;\">\n<thead>\n<tr style=\"background: #2d2d2d; color: #ffffff;\">\n<th style=\"padding: 12px 16px; text-align: left; font-weight: 600;\">Cost driver<\/th>\n<th style=\"padding: 12px 16px; text-align: left; font-weight: 600;\">LCC<\/th>\n<th style=\"padding: 12px 16px; text-align: left; font-weight: 600;\">AAC blocks\/panels<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr style=\"border-bottom: 1px solid #e0e0e0;\">\n<td style=\"padding: 12px 16px;\">Equipment capex<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 12px 16px;\">Low \u2014 volumetric truck + foam generator<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 12px 16px;\">High \u2014 autoclave, cutting line, boiler, factory<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"background: #f5f5f5; border-bottom: 1px solid #e0e0e0;\">\n<td style=\"padding: 12px 16px;\">Per-cubic-yard material cost<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 12px 16px;\">Industry sources cite $80-$120 (region-dependent)<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 12px 16px;\">Sold per block; typical wall cost $4-$8\/sq ft installed<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"border-bottom: 1px solid #e0e0e0;\">\n<td style=\"padding: 12px 16px;\">Labor at placement<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 12px 16px;\">2-4 person crew, pumped placement<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 12px 16px;\">Mason crew, thin-bed mortar; faster than CMU<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"background: #f5f5f5; border-bottom: 1px solid #e0e0e0;\">\n<td style=\"padding: 12px 16px;\">Freight sensitivity<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 12px 16px;\">Lower \u2014 produced on-site or close to job<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 12px 16px;\">Higher \u2014 blocks shipped from regional plants<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"border-bottom: 1px solid #e0e0e0;\">\n<td style=\"padding: 12px 16px;\">Energy cost in production<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 12px 16px;\">Minimal \u2014 ambient cure<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 12px 16px;\">Significant \u2014 autoclave steam load<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding: 12px 16px;\">Schedule premium<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 12px 16px;\">10-14 h cure delays follow-on work<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 12px 16px;\">Factory-cured, ready on arrival<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<p>Budget summary accurate across markets: LCC wins on equipment capex and moved fill freight; AAC wins on schedule and on placement of every block into post-fill framing and cladding. Specifics can&#8217;t be carried from west to east because materials will not be priced the same and at least two quotes will always be necessary.<\/p>\n<p><!-- ==================== H2-6 ==================== --><\/p>\n<h2 style=\"margin: 48px 0 16px; padding-bottom: 10px; border-bottom: 2px solid #2d2d2d;\">Where LCC Wins: Geotechnical Fill, Annular Space, and Pourable Applications<\/h2>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-5710\" src=\"https:\/\/taiguo-steamboiler.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/6-5.png\" alt=\"Where LCC Wins: Geotechnical Fill, Annular Space, and Pourable Applications\" width=\"512\" height=\"512\" srcset=\"https:\/\/taiguo-steamboiler.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/6-5.png 512w, https:\/\/taiguo-steamboiler.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/6-5-300x300.png 300w, https:\/\/taiguo-steamboiler.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/6-5-150x150.png 150w, https:\/\/taiguo-steamboiler.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/6-5-12x12.png 12w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 512px) 100vw, 512px\" \/><\/p>\n<p>In the presence of pumps and an autonomous plant, LCC is the right material for construction that requires a liftable, pumpable, self-leveling low-density fill than can be placed in minutes by a mobile production rig. The federal literature in <a href=\"https:\/\/rosap.ntl.bts.gov\/view\/dot\/73251\/dot_73251_DS1.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\">FHWA-HRT-23-110, Alternative Backfills for Highway Applications<\/a> documents LCC as one of two main lightweight options for highway geotechnical use, with case study reports of bridge approach, embankment, and trench backfilling published.<\/p>\n<div style=\"margin: 24px 0; overflow-x: auto;\">\n<table style=\"width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; border: 1px solid #e0e0e0;\">\n<thead>\n<tr style=\"background: #2d2d2d; color: #ffffff;\">\n<th style=\"padding: 12px 16px; text-align: left; font-weight: 600;\">Application<\/th>\n<th style=\"padding: 12px 16px; text-align: left; font-weight: 600;\">Recommended density<\/th>\n<th style=\"padding: 12px 16px; text-align: left; font-weight: 600;\">Governing reference<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr style=\"border-bottom: 1px solid #e0e0e0;\">\n<td style=\"padding: 12px 16px;\">Bridge approach embankments<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 12px 16px;\">30-50 PCF<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 12px 16px;\">FHWA-HRT-23-110, ACI 523.1R-06<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"background: #f5f5f5; border-bottom: 1px solid #e0e0e0;\">\n<td style=\"padding: 12px 16px;\">Annular space \/ pipe abandonment<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 12px 16px;\">25-40 PCF<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 12px 16px;\">ACI 523.1R-06<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"border-bottom: 1px solid #e0e0e0;\">\n<td style=\"padding: 12px 16px;\">Trench backfill (utility)<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 12px 16px;\">30-50 PCF<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 12px 16px;\">Local DOT specs; ACI 523.1R-06<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"background: #f5f5f5; border-bottom: 1px solid #e0e0e0;\">\n<td style=\"padding: 12px 16px;\">Slope stabilization \/ landslide repair<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 12px 16px;\">25-40 PCF<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 12px 16px;\">Caltrans Task 3738 RNS<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"border-bottom: 1px solid #e0e0e0;\">\n<td style=\"padding: 12px 16px;\">Roof and floor insulating screed<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 12px 16px;\">30-60 PCF<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 12px 16px;\">ACI 523.1R-06; project specs<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"background: #f5f5f5;\">\n<td style=\"padding: 12px 16px;\">Lightweight dam\/levee structural fill<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 12px 16px;\">40-80 PCF<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 12px 16px;\">Project-specific engineering<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<div style=\"margin: 24px 0; padding: 16px 20px; background: #f5f5f5; border: 1px solid #e0e0e0; border-left: 3px solid #2d2d2d; border-radius: 2px;\">\n<div style=\"display: flex; align-items: center; gap: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><span style=\"font-size: 1.1em;\">\u26a0\ufe0f<\/span> <strong>Common Mistake<\/strong><\/div>\n<p style=\"margin: 0;\">Specifiers are often just as guilty of underestimating buoyancy in an LCC fill located below the water table. LCC specific gravity is much less than that of water, and as soon as they are submerged the blocks want to float, unless the weight of the fill they are under is enough to counteract the upward pressure. It&#8217;s one of the first geotechnical design check ASCE Texas Section points out &#8211; with in LCC application a weight-balance check should be done against worst-water-table scenario before LCC is even put in the ground.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p>Caltrans research note <a href=\"https:\/\/dot.ca.gov\/-\/media\/dot-media\/programs\/research-innovation-system-information\/documents\/research-notes\/task3738-rns-04-24-a11y.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\">Task 3738 RNS-04-24, Behavior of Reinforced and Unreinforced Lightweight Cellular Concrete<\/a>, offer engineering design parameters and failure mechanism information for reinforced and unreinforced LCC backfills &#8211; good starting reading for any DOT funded project.<\/p>\n<p><!-- ==================== H2-7 ==================== --><\/p>\n<h2 style=\"margin: 48px 0 16px; padding-bottom: 10px; border-bottom: 2px solid #2d2d2d;\">Where AAC Wins: Precast Blocks, Wall Panels, and Above-Grade Construction<\/h2>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-5711\" src=\"https:\/\/taiguo-steamboiler.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/7-5.png\" alt=\"Where AAC Wins: Precast Blocks, Wall Panels, and Above-Grade Construction\" width=\"512\" height=\"512\" srcset=\"https:\/\/taiguo-steamboiler.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/7-5.png 512w, https:\/\/taiguo-steamboiler.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/7-5-300x300.png 300w, https:\/\/taiguo-steamboiler.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/7-5-150x150.png 150w, https:\/\/taiguo-steamboiler.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/7-5-12x12.png 12w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 512px) 100vw, 512px\" \/><\/p>\n<p>When a project needs factory cured cellular concrete delivered as dimensional units (blocks, lintels or reinforced wall panels) for above grade usage, AAC hits the spot. The autoclave step provides the strength and dimensional precision pumped LCC can never achieve.<\/p>\n<p>Typical product range of AAC in US and Europe includes 600 200 mm face units (commonly 400 mm thick) with single-axis reinforced panels up to 6 meters long. Strength grading covers classes G2 (290 PSI \/ 2 MPa) through G6 (870+ PSI \/ 6 MPa), and density follows in close steps.<\/p>\n<div style=\"display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; gap: 16px; margin: 24px 0;\">\n<div style=\"flex: 1; min-width: 280px; padding: 20px; background: #f5f5f5; border: 1px solid #e0e0e0; border-top: 3px solid #2d2d2d;\"><strong style=\"display: block; margin-bottom: 12px;\">\u2714 AAC Advantages<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul style=\"margin: 0; padding-left: 18px;\">\n<li style=\"padding: 4px 0;\">Higher strength per density grade (autoclave-formed tobermorite)<\/li>\n<li style=\"padding: 4px 0;\">Factory-cured \u2014 arrives ready, no on-site cure delay<\/li>\n<li style=\"padding: 4px 0;\">Dimensional accuracy from wire-cutting<\/li>\n<li style=\"padding: 4px 0;\">Up to 4-hour fire rating in standard wall assemblies<\/li>\n<li style=\"padding: 4px 0;\">Workable with conventional masonry tools<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<div style=\"flex: 1; min-width: 280px; padding: 20px; background: #f5f5f5; border: 1px solid #e0e0e0; border-top: 3px solid #6b7280;\"><strong style=\"display: block; margin-bottom: 12px;\">\u26a0 AAC Limitations<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul style=\"margin: 0; padding-left: 18px;\">\n<li style=\"padding: 4px 0;\">Higher freight cost \u2014 shipped from regional plants<\/li>\n<li style=\"padding: 4px 0;\">Lower R-value per inch than low-density LCC<\/li>\n<li style=\"padding: 4px 0;\">Special anchors required (standard concrete fasteners pull out)<\/li>\n<li style=\"padding: 4px 0;\">Cannot be cast in irregular voids<\/li>\n<li style=\"padding: 4px 0;\">Surface finish over needs a base coat before tile or paint<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<h3 style=\"margin: 32px 0 12px;\">The RAAC Distinction Every Specifier Should Know<\/h3>\n<p>RAAC &#8211; reinforced autoclaved aerated concrete &#8211; hit the headlines in 2023 when the Department for Education in the UK issued recommendations for the closure of buildings containing the product. <a style=\"text-decoration: underline; text-underline-offset: 3px;\" href=\"https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/education\/2023\/aug\/31\/english-schools-told-to-close-buildings-made-with-crumble-risk-concrete\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\">The Guardian reported that 156 schools in England were affected<\/a>, and <a style=\"text-decoration: underline; text-underline-offset: 3px;\" href=\"https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/articles\/c07mpz075rzo\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\">the UK government has since committed to removing RAAC from schools by 2029<\/a>. The full <a href=\"https:\/\/publications.parliament.uk\/pa\/cm5901\/cmselect\/cmeduc\/1399\/report.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\">UK Parliament Education Committee report, Foundations of Learning<\/a>, draw RAAC failures back to a 2018 plank failure that stayed wedged in rather than shattering down.<\/p>\n<p>An AAC spec writer in 2025 should be aware of the differences here. RAAC was a 20th century reinforced AAC plank product with relatively slim steel cover and durability issues exposed by a few decades of service. Advances in the makeup of today: AAC blocks and panels (California Light-weight Concrete &#8211; ASTM C1693, C1694, C1692 (all reaffirmed 2025) do not. Both the American and European standards bodies have been actively updating the AAC definition and the latest ASTM C1694-09(2025) reinforced AAC standards require a degree of steel cover, and a level of dimensional and durability certification RAAC never did. Supplying the current ASTM makes it plain it is a modern product not a legacy RAAC.<\/p>\n<p><!-- ==================== H2-8 ==================== --><\/p>\n<h2 style=\"margin: 48px 0 16px; padding-bottom: 10px; border-bottom: 2px solid #2d2d2d;\">Standards, Specifications, and Quality Control<\/h2>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-5712\" src=\"https:\/\/taiguo-steamboiler.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/8-5.png\" alt=\"Standards, Specifications, and Quality Control\" width=\"512\" height=\"512\" srcset=\"https:\/\/taiguo-steamboiler.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/8-5.png 512w, https:\/\/taiguo-steamboiler.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/8-5-300x300.png 300w, https:\/\/taiguo-steamboiler.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/8-5-150x150.png 150w, https:\/\/taiguo-steamboiler.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/8-5-12x12.png 12w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 512px) 100vw, 512px\" \/><\/p>\n<p>Two separate standards stacks exist: one for the actual LCC material (cement, water, foaming agents, and mix ratios) and one for the AAC product. Both consult guides from ACI, identified only by number, for parameters the general engineer should know.<\/p>\n<div style=\"margin: 24px 0; overflow-x: auto;\">\n<table style=\"width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; border: 1px solid #e0e0e0;\">\n<thead>\n<tr style=\"background: #2d2d2d; color: #ffffff;\">\n<th style=\"padding: 12px 16px; text-align: left; font-weight: 600;\">Standard<\/th>\n<th style=\"padding: 12px 16px; text-align: left; font-weight: 600;\">Scope<\/th>\n<th style=\"padding: 12px 16px; text-align: left; font-weight: 600;\">Applies to<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr style=\"border-bottom: 1px solid #e0e0e0;\">\n<td style=\"padding: 12px 16px;\">ACI 523.1R-06<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 12px 16px;\">Cast-in-Place Low Density Cellular Concrete guide<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 12px 16px;\">LCC mix design and placement<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"background: #f5f5f5; border-bottom: 1px solid #e0e0e0;\">\n<td style=\"padding: 12px 16px;\">ASTM C150<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 12px 16px;\">Standard Specification for Portland Cement<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 12px 16px;\">Both \u2014 cement supply<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"border-bottom: 1px solid #e0e0e0;\">\n<td style=\"padding: 12px 16px;\">ASTM C1602<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 12px 16px;\">Mixing Water for Hydraulic Cement Concrete<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 12px 16px;\">Both \u2014 water quality<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"background: #f5f5f5; border-bottom: 1px solid #e0e0e0;\">\n<td style=\"padding: 12px 16px;\">ASTM C1157<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 12px 16px;\">Performance Specification for Hydraulic Cement<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 12px 16px;\">Both \u2014 alternative cement<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"border-bottom: 1px solid #e0e0e0;\">\n<td style=\"padding: 12px 16px;\">ASTM C869<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 12px 16px;\">Foaming Agents for Pre-formed Foam Cellular Concrete<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 12px 16px;\">LCC \u2014 foaming agent supply<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"background: #f5f5f5; border-bottom: 1px solid #e0e0e0;\">\n<td style=\"padding: 12px 16px;\">ASTM C1693-11(2025)<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 12px 16px;\">Standard Specification for AAC<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 12px 16px;\">AAC blocks (non-reinforced product)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"border-bottom: 1px solid #e0e0e0;\">\n<td style=\"padding: 12px 16px;\">ASTM C1694-09(2025)<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 12px 16px;\">Reinforced AAC Elements<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 12px 16px;\">AAC reinforced panels<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"background: #f5f5f5; border-bottom: 1px solid #e0e0e0;\">\n<td style=\"padding: 12px 16px;\">ASTM C1692-18(2025)<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 12px 16px;\">Construction and Testing of AAC Masonry<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 12px 16px;\">AAC wall construction<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding: 12px 16px;\">ACI 526R-19<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 12px 16px;\">Guide for Design and Construction with AAC Panels<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 12px 16px;\">AAC structural design<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<div style=\"margin: 24px 0; padding: 16px 20px; background: #f5f5f5; border: 1px solid #e0e0e0; border-left: 3px solid #2d2d2d;\"><strong>\ud83d\udcd0 Mill Certificate Verification Checklist<\/strong><\/p>\n<ol style=\"margin: 8px 0 0; padding-left: 20px;\">\n<li>Cement type and ASTM C150 \/ C1157 conformance statement<\/li>\n<li>Foaming agent supplier and ASTM C869 certificate (LCC)<\/li>\n<li>Density class as placed-it is cast on the site &#8211; inclusion of the moisture content<\/li>\n<li>Mix proportions with target compressive strength and sample ID<\/li>\n<li>For AAC blocks: ASTM C1693-11(2025) lot certification with strength class (G2-G6)<\/li>\n<li>\u2022 For AAC reinforced panels: ASTM C1694-09(2025) plus steel cover and durability documentation<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/div>\n<ul style=\"margin: 20px 0; padding: 16px 20px; background: #f5f5f5; border: 1px solid #e0e0e0; list-style: none;\">\n<li style=\"padding: 6px 0; display: flex; align-items: flex-start; gap: 8px;\"><span style=\"flex-shrink: 0; margin-top: 2px;\">\u2714<\/span><br \/>\nCheck ASTM consistency date &#8211; ASTM C1693, C1692, and C1694 have all been reapproved in 2025, existing older versions are superseded.<\/li>\n<li style=\"padding: 6px 0; display: flex; align-items: flex-start; gap: 8px;\"><span style=\"flex-shrink: 0; margin-top: 2px;\">\u2714<\/span><br \/>\nFor LCC, require a cast density log on each load &#8211; field-cured wet density forms the basis of ACI 523.1R-06 design assumptions.<\/li>\n<li style=\"padding: 6px 0; display: flex; align-items: flex-start; gap: 8px;\"><span style=\"flex-shrink: 0; margin-top: 2px;\">\u2714<\/span><br \/>\nFor AAC, confirm supplier certificate strength class matches G-class specified on structural drawing.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><!-- ==================== H2-9 ==================== --><\/p>\n<h2 style=\"margin: 48px 0 16px; padding-bottom: 10px; border-bottom: 2px solid #2d2d2d;\">Industry Outlook: Why Lightweight Concrete Is Growing 7%+ Annually<\/h2>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-5713\" src=\"https:\/\/taiguo-steamboiler.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/9-3.png\" alt=\"Industry Outlook: Why Lightweight Concrete Is Growing 7%+ Annually\" width=\"512\" height=\"512\" srcset=\"https:\/\/taiguo-steamboiler.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/9-3.png 512w, https:\/\/taiguo-steamboiler.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/9-3-300x300.png 300w, https:\/\/taiguo-steamboiler.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/9-3-150x150.png 150w, https:\/\/taiguo-steamboiler.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/9-3-12x12.png 12w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 512px) 100vw, 512px\" \/><\/p>\n<p>The cellular concrete market is in a sustainable long term growth window, fueled by a long term trend for light construction, energy-efficient codes, and infrastructure spending. Every indicator &#8211; market research analysts and government programs &#8211; signals the same.<\/p>\n<div style=\"display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; gap: 16px; margin: 24px 0;\">\n<div style=\"flex: 1; min-width: 140px; padding: 20px; background: #f5f5f5; border: 1px solid #e0e0e0; text-align: center;\">\n<div style=\"font-weight: bold; font-size: 1.5rem; letter-spacing: -0.02em;\">7.3%<\/div>\n<div style=\"color: #6b7280; margin-top: 4px;\">Cellular concrete CAGR 2024-2030<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div style=\"flex: 1; min-width: 140px; padding: 20px; background: #f5f5f5; border: 1px solid #e0e0e0; text-align: center;\">\n<div style=\"font-weight: bold; font-size: 1.5rem; letter-spacing: -0.02em;\">$19.23B<\/div>\n<div style=\"color: #6b7280; margin-top: 4px;\">Projected 2030 market size<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div style=\"flex: 1; min-width: 140px; padding: 20px; background: #f5f5f5; border: 1px solid #e0e0e0; text-align: center;\">\n<div style=\"font-weight: bold; font-size: 1.5rem; letter-spacing: -0.02em;\">$308B<\/div>\n<div style=\"color: #6b7280; margin-top: 4px;\">AAC market 2024 (Intel Market Research)<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div style=\"flex: 1; min-width: 140px; padding: 20px; background: #f5f5f5; border: 1px solid #e0e0e0; text-align: center;\">\n<div style=\"font-weight: bold; font-size: 1.5rem; letter-spacing: -0.02em;\">156+<\/div>\n<div style=\"color: #6b7280; margin-top: 4px;\">UK schools closed for RAAC (2023)<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p>One subtlety to tease-out: growth for LCC and AAC is occurring in different markets. The North American highway and infrastructure boom that is valued at USD12.6 billion for cellular concrete in 2024 by Strategic Market Researchis projected to reach as much as 19.23 billion by 2030. Through government highway infrastructure projects and the FHWA alternative back-fill research &#8211; which connects cellular LCC to EPS geofoam in federal standards &#8211; there is a clear demand future for LCC. However, the much larger cellular concrete market is elsewhere: AAC blocks are a global residential and commercial market, specifically in India, Europe, and Southeast Asia; and the growth drivers are different for these markets.<\/p>\n<p>The takeaway for a plant operator whether to expand plant capacity in 2026 or 2027 is that these 2 industries are not interchangeable, although both are proof positive growth industries. Regional LCC plants are project driven and serve regional needs in North America; global AAC plants mass produce building supplies for widespread use. The 2025-26 period also brings a standard draft to final, ASTM C1693, C1692, and C1694 were all reapproved by ASTM in 2025, and the mid 20th century RAAC structure-to-becomes-facing work in the UK and Europe is streamed into a 2029 deadline). These both have the effect of pushing demand for certified modern AAC upward.<\/p>\n<p><!-- ==================== H2-10 FAQ ==================== --><\/p>\n<h2 style=\"margin: 48px 0 16px; padding-bottom: 10px; border-bottom: 2px solid #2d2d2d;\">Frequently Asked Questions<\/h2>\n<div style=\"margin: 16px 0;\">\n<h3 style=\"margin: 0 0 4px;\">Q: Is lightweight cellular concrete permeable?<\/h3>\n<details style=\"border: 1px solid #e0e0e0;\">\n<summary style=\"padding: 12px 20px; cursor: pointer; background: #f5f5f5; color: #6b7280;\">View Answer<\/summary>\n<div style=\"padding: 12px 20px 16px;\">Yes, one of the design considerations for cellular LCC is that the greater permeability relatively to dense concrete translates as advantageous for drainage in geotechnical fills but disadvantageous for habitable surface coverings. Waterproof surface coverings are required if this permeability is to be exposed or accessible habitable surfaces. Permeable LDCC exists as an aggregate replaced research topic; general LCC (air cured cement gels) is more permeable than AAC directly because of the difference in curing method.<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<\/div>\n<div style=\"margin: 16px 0;\">\n<h3 style=\"margin: 0 0 4px;\">Q: What are the cons of lightweight concrete?<\/h3>\n<details style=\"border: 1px solid #e0e0e0;\">\n<summary style=\"padding: 12px 20px; cursor: pointer; background: #f5f5f5; color: #6b7280;\">View Answer<\/summary>\n<div style=\"padding: 12px 20px 16px;\">Much lower compressive strength than conventional concrete, greater permeability than densified concrete unless surface-sealed, and insufficient load-bearing characteristics at the lower densities. LCC at 30 PCF reaches 40+ PSI, 40 PSI is proficient for fill projects but not generally for any construction requiring a load-bearing subgrade; AAC at G2 class gets 290 PSI, but neither high-rise high load structural concrete nor bearing walls for intensely loaded buildings at this strength class are feasible.<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<\/div>\n<div style=\"margin: 16px 0;\">\n<h3 style=\"margin: 0 0 4px;\">Q: Can cellular concrete be used for load-bearing walls?<\/h3>\n<details style=\"border: 1px solid #e0e0e0;\">\n<summary style=\"padding: 12px 20px; cursor: pointer; background: #f5f5f5; color: #6b7280;\">View Answer<\/summary>\n<div style=\"padding: 12px 20px 16px;\">Cast-in-place LCC at G4 classes (525+ PSI \/ 3.6+ MPa) is rarely incorporated into European and north Asian load bearing construction for engineering reasons; load bearing features in these markets are usually of a different specification which are indicative of the different markets of gain for cellular LCC and AAC.<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<\/div>\n<div style=\"margin: 16px 0;\">\n<h3 style=\"margin: 0 0 4px;\">Q: How long does LCC take to cure?<\/h3>\n<details style=\"border: 1px solid #e0e0e0;\">\n<summary style=\"padding: 12px 20px; cursor: pointer; background: #f5f5f5; color: #6b7280;\">View Answer<\/summary>\n<div style=\"padding: 12px 20px 16px;\">Set- the initial set takes place in 10-14 hrs at ambient conditions for standard LCC mix designs at moderate temperatures (50-80F). Complete strength build takes several weeks, most projects are designed for the 28-day strength figure. Steam curing at temperatures up to 70 C can help expedite this schedule, though, unlike AAC, LCC does not require a high pressure autoclave step.<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<\/div>\n<div style=\"margin: 16px 0;\">\n<h3 style=\"margin: 0 0 4px;\">Q: What is the difference between AAC blocks and AAC panels?<\/h3>\n<details style=\"border: 1px solid #e0e0e0;\">\n<summary style=\"padding: 12px 20px; cursor: pointer; background: #f5f5f5; color: #6b7280;\">View Answer<\/summary>\n<div style=\"padding: 12px 20px 16px;\">\n<p>AAC blocks. These are non-reinforced units subject to ASTM C1693-11(2025); practically all are used similarly to masonry with thin-bed mortar. Reinforced AAC panels.<\/p>\n<p>These are larger reinforced units; reinforcements are pre-placed within panels subject to ASTM C1694-09(2025); these are designed as structural members according to ACI 526R-19. Reinforced panels carry shear and are suspended across larger distances (concrete blocks carry shear but must be built up across smaller distances &#8211; in courses).<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<\/div>\n<div style=\"margin: 16px 0;\">\n<h3 style=\"margin: 0 0 4px;\">Q: Is steam curing required for cellular concrete?<\/h3>\n<details style=\"border: 1px solid #e0e0e0;\">\n<summary style=\"padding: 12px 20px; cursor: pointer; background: #f5f5f5; color: #6b7280;\">View Answer<\/summary>\n<div style=\"padding: 12px 20px 16px;\">Steam curing is a option for LCC, mostocations cure in air in 10-14 hours and steam is only applied at up to 70Deg C when programming constraints reflect the cost of the energy. Whereas, for AAC the use of autoclave steam curing at 175-180Deg C at 12 bar pressure is compulsary, as in its absence, the alu-mina powder reaction product cannot form tobermorite and the blocks would fail ASTM strength class limits. AAC plants operate a continuous steam supply system as a fundamental production process.<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<\/div>\n<div style=\"margin: 16px 0;\">\n<h3 style=\"margin: 0 0 4px;\">Q: What ASTM standards govern preformed foam for cellular concrete?<\/h3>\n<details style=\"border: 1px solid #e0e0e0;\">\n<summary style=\"padding: 12px 20px; cursor: pointer; background: #f5f5f5; color: #6b7280;\">View Answer<\/summary>\n<div style=\"padding: 12px 20px 16px;\">ASTM C869, Standard Specification for Foaming Agents Used in Making Preformed Foam for Cellular Concrete, defines protein-based and synthetic-based foaming agents to be used in the production of LCC. Criteria discussed include the foam\u2019s density, stability, and performance under the actual mixing and pumping conditions experienced in the field. The specifier should always require a current ASTM C869 conformance statement for any foaming agent used.<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<\/div>\n<p><!-- ==================== CTA ==================== --><\/p>\n<div style=\"margin: 48px 0 24px; padding: 24px; background: #2d2d2d; color: #ffffff; text-align: center;\">\n<h3 style=\"margin: 0 0 12px; color: #ffffff;\">Specifying AAC Production Capacity?<\/h3>\n<p style=\"margin: 0 0 16px; color: #e0e0e0;\">The quality of AAC is defined by continuous, controlled, provision of steam to the production. The starting point for autoclave operation is the boiler.<\/p>\n<p><a style=\"display: inline-block; padding: 14px 32px; background: #ffffff; color: #2d2d2d; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;\" href=\"#\">Talk to Taiguo about Autoclave Steam Systems \u2192<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p><!-- About This Comparison \u2014 Type E transparent statement --><\/p>\n<div style=\"margin: 48px 0 24px; padding: 20px 24px; background: #f5f5f5; border: 1px solid #e0e0e0;\">\n<h3 style=\"margin: 0 0 12px;\">About This Comparison<\/h3>\n<p style=\"color: #6b7280; margin: 0;\">With federal research (FHWA-HRT-23-110, Caltrans Task 3738), academic (BYU, Iowa State InTrans, NIH PMC), revalidated in 2025 industry standards (ASTM C1693 \/C1694 \/C1692), industry supplied market analyst reports, this guide compares lightweight cellular concrete with autoclaved aerated concrete (AAC). Industry supplied cost values are presented as ranges for comparison and should be checked with local quotes prior to ordering. Taiguo engineering team, autoclave steam supplier to AAC production lines.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p><!-- References & Sources --><\/p>\n<div style=\"margin: 48px 0 24px; padding: 24px; background: #f5f5f5; border: 1px solid #e0e0e0; border-top: 3px solid #2d2d2d;\">\n<h3 style=\"margin: 0 0 16px;\">References &amp; Sources<\/h3>\n<ol style=\"padding-left: 20px; color: #6b7280;\">\n<li style=\"padding: 4px 0;\"><a style=\"text-decoration: underline; text-underline-offset: 3px; color: #2d2d2d;\" href=\"https:\/\/www.concrete.org\/store\/productdetail.aspx?itemid=COLOL\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\">ACI 523.1R-06: Guide for Cast-in-Place Low Density Cellular Concrete<\/a> \u2014 American Concrete Institute<\/li>\n<li style=\"padding: 4px 0;\"><a style=\"text-decoration: underline; text-underline-offset: 3px; color: #2d2d2d;\" href=\"https:\/\/www.intrans.iastate.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/guide_to_LCC_for_geotech_apps.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\">Guide to Lightweight Cellular Concrete for Geotechnical Applications<\/a> \u2014 Iowa State Institute for Transportation<\/li>\n<li style=\"padding: 4px 0;\"><a style=\"text-decoration: underline; text-underline-offset: 3px; color: #2d2d2d;\" href=\"https:\/\/rosap.ntl.bts.gov\/view\/dot\/73251\/dot_73251_DS1.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\">FHWA-HRT-23-110: Alternative Backfills for Highway Applications<\/a> \u2014 U.S. Federal Highway Administration<\/li>\n<li style=\"padding: 4px 0;\"><a style=\"text-decoration: underline; text-underline-offset: 3px; color: #2d2d2d;\" href=\"https:\/\/dot.ca.gov\/-\/media\/dot-media\/programs\/research-innovation-system-information\/documents\/research-notes\/task3738-rns-04-24-a11y.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\">Task 3738 RNS-04-24: Behavior of Reinforced and Unreinforced Lightweight Cellular Concrete<\/a> \u2014 California Department of Transportation<\/li>\n<li style=\"padding: 4px 0;\"><a style=\"text-decoration: underline; text-underline-offset: 3px; color: #2d2d2d;\" href=\"https:\/\/store.astm.org\/products-services\/standards-and-publications\/standards\/masonry-standards.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\">ASTM C1693, C1694, C1692 \u2014 AAC Masonry Standards (2025 reapprovals)<\/a> \u2014 ASTM International<\/li>\n<li style=\"padding: 4px 0;\"><a style=\"text-decoration: underline; text-underline-offset: 3px; color: #2d2d2d;\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Foam_concrete\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\">Foam Concrete<\/a> \u2014 Wikipedia (terminology and historical context)<\/li>\n<li style=\"padding: 4px 0;\"><a style=\"text-decoration: underline; text-underline-offset: 3px; color: #2d2d2d;\" href=\"https:\/\/www.texasce.org\/tce-news\/lightweight-cellular-concrete-2\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\">Lightweight Cellular Concrete for Geotechnical Applications<\/a> \u2014 Texas Section of the American Society of Civil Engineers<\/li>\n<li style=\"padding: 4px 0;\"><a style=\"text-decoration: underline; text-underline-offset: 3px; color: #2d2d2d;\" href=\"https:\/\/up.codes\/s\/cellular-concrete\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\">IBC Section 721.2 Cellular Concrete<\/a> \u2014 UpCodes (International Building Code reference)<\/li>\n<li style=\"padding: 4px 0;\"><a style=\"text-decoration: underline; text-underline-offset: 3px; color: #2d2d2d;\" href=\"https:\/\/www.strategicmarketresearch.com\/market-report\/cellular-concrete-market\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\">Cellular Concrete Market Size 2024-2030<\/a> \u2014 Strategic Market Research<\/li>\n<li style=\"padding: 4px 0;\"><a style=\"text-decoration: underline; text-underline-offset: 3px; color: #2d2d2d;\" href=\"https:\/\/publications.parliament.uk\/pa\/cm5901\/cmselect\/cmeduc\/1399\/report.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\">Foundations of Learning: Replacing RAAC and Securing School Buildings<\/a> \u2014 UK Parliament Education Committee<\/li>\n<li style=\"padding: 4px 0;\"><a style=\"text-decoration: underline; text-underline-offset: 3px; color: #2d2d2d;\" href=\"https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/education\/2023\/aug\/31\/english-schools-told-to-close-buildings-made-with-crumble-risk-concrete\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\">English Schools Told to Close Buildings Made with Crumble-Risk Concrete (RAAC)<\/a> \u2014 The Guardian, 31 August 2023<\/li>\n<li style=\"padding: 4px 0;\"><a style=\"text-decoration: underline; text-underline-offset: 3px; color: #2d2d2d;\" href=\"https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/articles\/c07mpz075rzo\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\">RAAC Will Be Removed from Schools by 2029<\/a> \u2014 BBC News<\/li>\n<li style=\"padding: 4px 0;\"><a style=\"text-decoration: underline; text-underline-offset: 3px; color: #2d2d2d;\" href=\"https:\/\/pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/articles\/PMC11818655\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\">Structural Effects on Compressive Strength Enhancement of Cellular Concrete<\/a> \u2014 National Library of Medicine PMC<\/li>\n<li style=\"padding: 4px 0;\"><a style=\"text-decoration: underline; text-underline-offset: 3px; color: #2d2d2d;\" href=\"https:\/\/scholarsarchive.byu.edu\/etd\/11004\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\">Behavior of Reinforced Lightweight Cellular Concrete Backfill<\/a> \u2014 Brigham Young University ScholarsArchive<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<style>\r\n.lwrp.link-whisper-related-posts{\r\n            \r\n            margin-top: 40px;\nmargin-bottom: 30px;\r\n        }\r\n        .lwrp .lwrp-title{\r\n            \r\n            \r\n        }.lwrp .lwrp-description{\r\n            \r\n            \r\n\r\n        }\r\n        .lwrp .lwrp-list-container{\r\n        }\r\n        .lwrp .lwrp-list-multi-container{\r\n            display: flex;\r\n        }\r\n        .lwrp .lwrp-list-double{\r\n            width: 48%;\r\n        }\r\n        .lwrp 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Optimization<\/span><\/a><\/li>                    <\/ul>\r\n                <\/div>\r\n                        <\/div>\r\n<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>A 2026 LCC versus AAC by manufacturing type, density and strength specifications, ASTM\/ACI standards, and engineering uses comparison &#8211; including what every specifier should know about the RAAC distinction. Quick Specs: LCC vs AAC at a Glance Density range LCC: 20-100 PCF (320-1,600 kg\/m\u00b3) \u00b7 AAC: 25-50 PCF (400-800 kg\/m\u00b3) Compressive strength LCC: 50-1,200 PSI [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":10,"featured_media":5705,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_gspb_post_css":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-5703","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-taiguo-blog"],"blocksy_meta":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/taiguo-steamboiler.com\/pt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5703","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/taiguo-steamboiler.com\/pt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/taiguo-steamboiler.com\/pt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/taiguo-steamboiler.com\/pt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/10"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/taiguo-steamboiler.com\/pt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=5703"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/taiguo-steamboiler.com\/pt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5703\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/taiguo-steamboiler.com\/pt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/5705"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/taiguo-steamboiler.com\/pt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=5703"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/taiguo-steamboiler.com\/pt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=5703"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/taiguo-steamboiler.com\/pt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=5703"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}